crm – Page 2

Lasagna Gardening at ACLT

June 16, 2022 By crm

At Last! Lasagna That's All Natural, Organic, and ... Good for the Environment!

By Judy Ferris, Master Naturalist and Guest Blogger

ACLT’s Flower Girls are always ready to experiment. Having created their first 86-foot long flower bed in 2017 using the laborious process of double digging, they happily embraced an alternative method to create their second flower bed; a row which would be devoted to growing cut flowers. Thus, the first lasagna garden was born at ACLT’s Double Oak farm.

“A lasagna garden? What’s that?” Lasagna gardening is an unconventional method for creating an organic garden. In a nutshell, it consists of layering locally available organic material atop existing soil. As any chef will recognize, the process is somewhat akin to layering tomatoes, ricotta, pasta, and other goodies in a baking dish to create a sumptuous lasagna. Leaves collected in fall are the backbone of Double Oak’s lasagna garden. The layers also include composted horse manure, sawdust, shredded paper, Leaf-gro, weed-free and disease-free greenery, and grass clippings. Season with a sprinkling of minerals to adjust the soil Ph and nutrition.

Example: Lasagna Layering

The illustration on the right is an example of materials that can be used as layers in your lasagna. But don’t worry if you don’t have all the materials readily available – stick to a 4:1 ratio of materials high in carbon and nitrogen. Aim for a total thickness of at least 18″ deep. Adjust Ph and soil nutrition as needed and your lasagna should be a hit!”

Materials High In Carbon: Leaves, Compost, Animal Manure, Hay or Straw, Sawdust, Peat Moss, Shredded Paper, and Wood Ash.

Materials High in Nitrogen: Grass Clippings, Weed- & Disease-free Clippings

After ‘baking’ for a few months, the chunky lasagna layers break down into dark, rich soil which resembles succulent crumbled brownies. A gardener’s dream! As a bonus, not only does the lasagna method create nutrient-rich soil, it also benefits our climate in a variety of ways.

Locally available materials are used, thereby minimizing the use of plastic soil bags and the need for diesel-powered shipping.
The lasagna method does not disturb the underlying soil community; an interwoven complex of fungi, worms, insects, plant roots, and soil particles which is essential to keeping plants healthy.
Carbon dioxide is a heat-trapping gas in our atmosphere. By returning leaves and other organic material to the soil, we are sequestering or ‘storing’ carbon in the soil. Instead of throwing organic material away to release its carbon to become carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the lasagna method actually composts organic material. Compost captures carbon to enrich the soil and grow healthier plants.
Last, but far from least, your body will thank you for not doing all that double-digging!

Double Oak Farm’s lasagna-method Cutting Garden has been a big success. Its rich soil produces plants that pump out gorgeous blooms month after month. The same strategy can be applied to vegetable gardens, berry patches, and herb gardens as well. Who could ask for more? If you are interested in cooking up a garden using this novel gardening technique, the Flower Girls recommend that you stop by the farm to talk to them. Or, better yet, consult Patricia Lanza’s quintessential book on the subject: “Lasagna Gardening: A New Layering System for Bountiful Gardens: No Digging, No Tilling, No Kidding!” Published by Rodale Press, 1998.

Interested in volunteering at Double Oak Farm? Or any of the other volunteer opportunities at ACLT? Visit: www.acltweb.org/index.php/volunteer to learn more and to sign up!

Rural Lands Forum Wrap-Up

April 28, 2022 By crm

By Mary Hoover, Chesapeake Conservation Corp Intern ’21-’22

Rural Lands Forum Educates Citizens and Candidates on Land Preservation

The Sustainable Calvert Network convened a rural lands forum on Thursday, April 21. Held at the aptly bucolic Jefferson Patterson Park, the forum advocated for the importance of preserving Calvert’s rural lands in light of upcoming local elections. The event was attended by Calvert residents and several candidates for Calvert’s Board of County Commissioners, offering a candid setting for citizens to engage in conversation with their future representatives.

Those who spoke at the forum were members of the Sustainable Calvert Network, each representing different roles in the community and providing unique perspectives toward a common vision for Calvert County. Following an introduction by Greg Bowen, Executive Director of the American Chestnut Land Trust (ACLT), President of the Calvert Farm Bureau, Cathy Cosgrove, gave a farm owner’s perspective on the importance of agriculture in Calvert. Cosgrove remarked upon the decline in family farm profitability over time, emphasizing the need to revitalize Calvert’s agriculture going forward. To ensure farms are profitable, sustainable, and affordable for subsequent generations, Cosgrove offered solutions such as buying local, joining the Farm Bureau to endorse beneficial agricultural legislation, and supporting a variety of land preservation programs.

Many of the night’s speakers shared their personal experiences and connections with Calvert’s natural landscapes, reiterating the importance of land preservation in such an ecologically rich county. President of the Calvert Nature Society, Joyce Baki, championed the power of land preservation to give “our children and our grandchildren the opportunity in the future to walk into a forest, or to the bay, or to wherever, and enjoy themselves.” Chris Banks, former President of the Calvert Historical Society, similarly shared her connection to Calvert’s rural lands through the story of her great grandmother Christiana Parran, a passionate landowner in the county’s history. Ben Hance, President of the Southern Maryland Sierra Club, nostalgically relayed several anecdotes about the prior state of the county’s natural lands, as told by family members who lived through Calvert’s building boom and saw first-hand the drastic changes to its natural landscapes. Each of these speakers upheld the importance of Calvert’s natural landscapes to their pasts as well as their futures, expressing strong sentiments towards seeing Calvert’s critical lands undeveloped well into the future.

Scott Knoche, director of Morgan State University’s Patuxent Environmental and Aquatic Research Laboratory and economist by training, provided an economic perspective of Calvert’s natural landscapes by ascribing numerical values to several of the county’s ecosystem services.

For instance, Knoche said the local favorite blue crab rakes in “over $50 million in economic impacts.” Because of preserved land and healthy waterways, Calvert continues to offer invaluable ecosystem services to the region. However, potential development remains a threat to these services, and the forum’s speakers all verbalized the critical role of land preservation to counteract this threat.

Following a lineup of speakers who articulated the necessity of land preservation, Greg Bowen concluded with a presentation on how this land preservation happens. According to Bowen, many landowners sell their land for “highest and best use” to developers, assuming development generates the most profit. Bowen disagrees. In fact, this presumption has been disproven on several occasions in Calvert wherein the highest bidders were land trusts. These land trusts have been able to make back all of their money, taking on the role of “critical lands buyers”, by subsequently selling both the property and its development rights. Ultimately, Bowen hopes to shatter the notion that selling to developers is the most economical option for landowners. Land preservation is not only a lucrative alternative course of action for landowners, but it is also highly beneficial to the quality and sustainability of the environment as well as the innumerable services we gain from it.

The night closed with short introductions by each of the candidates present, including Mike Hart, Steve Jones, Catherine Grasso, Chelsea Monague, Myra Gowans, Todd Ireland, Tricia Powell, Buddy Hance, Christopher Gadway, and Evan Turzanski. Attendees were given the opportunity to speak with the candidates and further discuss their hopes for the future of Calvert in preparation for the primary elections on July 19, 2022.

Sustainable Calvert Network Member Organizations

The Birds Are Coming – Part 2

April 27, 2022 By crm

By Judy Ferris, Master Naturalist and Guest Blogger

You may not be able to tell by looking out your window, but spring songbird migration has already begun! Songbirds were slowly pushing northward into the U.S. as early as March. The tide of migratory birds will gradually increase through April, then reach a peak here in Maryland in the first two weeks of May. This phenomenon generally occurs at exactly the same time each year no matter how good or how bad our weather is.

Northern Parula – Winters in the Caribbean and Central America. Nests in eastern U. S. and Canada. Breeds and nests at ACLT. One of our first songbirds to arrive in spring. Click on the link below to listen to its song “Pa-ruuuuLA!” You will hear Parulas in the treetops of ACLT about the time the trees start to leaf out. https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Northern_Parula

In light of our recent weather, you might well ask “How do birds who winter in the tropics know when to start migrating?”. They have no idea what sort of weather we are having here. Some bird species are triggered by day length. As we move from winter to spring, the days become longer. This triggers hormones in migratory birds. The most obvious effects of these hormones are 1) polyphagia – the desire to eat lots of food! Glutinous eating ensures that the birds put on plenty of fat – their primary fuel – before they head north. 2) Sexual hormones kick in. Sexual organs which shrank last fall are now reemerging. The birds begin to feel the imperative to fly north in order to be the first to claim territory and mates at their favorite nesting ground.

Scarlet Tanager – Winters in northern South America. Nests in northeastern U.S. Breeding bird at ACLT. Click below for its song which you will likely hear from the upland forests as you hike ACLT. https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Scarlet_tanager

Songbirds generally fly in mixed flocks at night. Yes, these tiny birds take off at dusk, fly through the night, then settle in at a ‘rest stop’ as dawn approaches. Why fly at night? One of the primary reasons is that it is cooler. Songbirds are totally insulated with feathers and can only dump heat through their bare legs. If they flew under the hot sun, the birds would overheat and perish. In addition, winds are generally calmer at night and there is less risk of being picked off by predators.

Veery – a member of the thrush family. Winters in central South America. Breeds and nests in northernmost U. S. and southern Canada. Uses ACLT as a stopover, then continues north. Unfortunately, Veerys don’t get into the singing mood until they reach their nesting grounds. To hear their ethereal song however, click on the link.

https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Veery

How do the migrating songbirds navigate in the dark? Many birds are able to navigate via the moon, the stars, and sun. New research, published in Scientific American, suggests that birds also navigate using their own personal map of the earth’s magnetic field. It takes an understanding of quantum physics to understand the details of how this works, but current thinking indicates that some migratory birds are able to ‘see’ a ‘map’ of the earth’s magnetic field with their eyes! No one knows what this map looks like to a bird, but perhaps it explains how songbirds can mysteriously navigate to exactly the same place year after year.

Most songbirds (even hummingbirds!) fly at a speed of 20-25 miles per hour during migration. They can travel 200-300 miles nightly. Like us humans, they are creatures of habit. If they find a good rest stop like ACLT, they may use that same stopover year after year as they make their way to more northerly nesting grounds. A good stopover has plenty of food for refueling, water to drink, and a nice sheltered spot to rest before departing in the evening.

Barn Swallow – Winters in Central and South America. Nests throughout much of Canada and the U. S. including Maryland. You can listen to their chatty little song by listening to link below. https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Barn_Swallow/overview

Many songbirds migrate in waves. The first wave to head north are the colorful males. They are keen to be the first to return to their nesting ground to claim a good spot. They advertise their presence with their brilliant colors and plenty of singing. They spend lots of time chasing other males away. The next wave is mostly females. Females are generally duller in color than males. They are soon paired up with males and the two start work on a nest. The final wave to arrive is the immature birds. Young birds are often a bit duller in color than the adults. The dull colors help signal that they will not be involved in scrum for territory or mates, thus protecting them from hormone-crazed adults.

Common Yellowthroat – Winters in Central America and the Caribbean – Nests in most of the U.S. and a breeding bird at ACLT. You may well hear this bird sing ‘Witchity, witchity, witchity” as you walk near Parker’s Creek. Click to hear its song. https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Common_Yellowthroat

White-eyed Vireo – Winters in the Yucatan and Caribbean – Breeds in eastern U.S. Breeding bird at ACLT. This bird’s herky-jerky song, sometimes emanating from shrubby areas along Parker’s Creek, is unique and one that everyone can recognize. Click to listen. https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/white-eyed_vireo

Whether you are a beginner or an expert, the next few weeks are the ideal time to dust off your binoculars and take to the trails in search of birds. You may see unusual birds that merely pass through the mid-Atlantic on their way north. You may also note breeding birds arriving on territory, finding mates, and nesting. Once you have surveyed every inch of a Cardinal, or better yet, a warbler with a good pair of binoculars, you will never look at them quite the same again!

How You Can Help

Migration in today’s world is a significant challenge for birds. Birds face additional challenges by simply living in the complicated world created by us humans. Since 1970, we have lost 1/3 of our birds – an astonishing 3 billion breeding birds. Each of us, however, by changing our everyday habits, can help save these feathered treasures. The bird folks at Cornell Lab of Ornithology have compiled a list of 7 Simple Actions which each of us can take to make the world a safer place for our birds. The list is summarized on the printable page below.

To learn more about 7 Simple Actions To Help Birds and how you can make a difference, click on the informative Cornell link below. https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/seven-simple-actions-to-help-birds/

Did you miss Part 1 of this series? Click here to read it now.
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A Time to Turn the Tide and Protect our Watersheds

April 13, 2022 By crm

By Greg Bowen, ACLT Executive Director

Please come out to the County Commissioner’s public hearing on April 28th at 7:00 p.m. in the Harriet E. Brown Community Center. The Commissioners need support for their efforts to address residential density and land preservation.

These three zoning ordinance changes will apply to Prince Frederick and other towns. The proposed changes lower maximum density, require more land to be set aside for commercial use, instead of residential, and they require that more Transferable Development Rights (TDRs) be required as residential development occurs. These changes will preserve more land and reduce traffic. The changes also give notice to the Planning Commission what they will accept for Prince Frederick. Read more about the text amendments on the County’s website here: https://www.calvertcountymd.gov/Calendar.aspx?EID=11754

We reported in a blog that during the citizen participation process for the Prince Frederick Plan, citizens have repeatedly expressed their opposition to high density growth and more traffic congestion. Despite citizen requests, consultants for the Planning Commission moved forward with an 80% expansion to the town center and 10,000 more housing units, a 400% increase in housing on highways that cannot accommodate the growth.

Calvert County’s planning consultant and some members of the Planning Commission just don’t seem to get it. Their draft plan fails to even begin to seriously address traffic congestion on MD 4 and MD 231, weakly pointing out as an excuse that traffic is worse in urban counties of the state. The July 2021 draft on page 7-4 goes so far as to abandon the well-established road “level of service” standards used by the Maryland State Highway Administration. The consultant has even proposed waving required traffic studies and excise taxes for residential development, thus making county taxpayers sit in traffic and pay for development that they don’t even want.

At ACLT we have noted in a blog that the expansion area is not suited for development. The soils and steep slopes are too severe. Further, the lands are needed to remain as forests, wetlands, and streams. They provide green infrastructure to a town with multiple failed stormwater management devices. Without these areas, our pristine creeks would be even more impacted.

A comprehensive assessment of resilient lands by The Nature Conservancy has revealed that Calvert County has more resilient lands than any other county in Maryland or even our Mid-Atlantic region. Over 70% of the total landmass exhibits certain characteristics that are necessary “for the survival of a wide diversity of species.” As we face ever bigger storms and floods, we need these natural lands.

It has been mentioned on several occasions that we need to create lots of housing in town centers due to the number of unsold TDRs in Calvert. Some say that there are as much as $40 million in TDRs to be sold from county agricultural preservation districts. However, a new report by Keep Calvert Country estimates that the new roads, schools, and public water and sewerage needed for the 10,000 new homes would cost the county $500 million. In addition, the county’s own Finance and Budget office estimated in 2019 that each new house in the town center would cost the county $2000 per year more in expenses than in revenues. In other words, those 10,000 new apartments that we don’t want will cost us an extra $20 million in operating costs per year.

The proposed changes are a great first step and I applaud the Commissioners for initiating the changes. At the same hearing, perhaps we should recommend that they tell the Planning Commission that the 80% expansion of Prince Frederick is dead on arrival too!

Attend Hearing or Submit Comments

Please come to help protect your quality of life and the environment. If you cannot attend, please contact the Commissioners by completing this form: https://www.calvertcountymd.gov/FormCenter/Contact-Us-Main-Homepage-8/Contact-Us-49

Just tell them that you support the proposed ordinance changes and you oppose the 80% expansion of Prince Frederick.

Other Important Meetings

Don’t forget to join Sustainable Calvert Network for their Rural Lands Forum!

Date: April 21, 2022
Time: 7-8:15 p.m.
Place: Jefferson Patterson Park Pavilion

Click here to read the Calvert County Times article.

Commissioner Public Hearing

April 26, 2022 – 10:30 a.m. Hearing Room, Courthouse & via Zoom

Re: Prince Frederick Wastewater Plant (What to Do With All the Poo)

Date: April 26, 2022
Time: 10:30 a.m.
Place: Commissioners Hearing Room & via Zoom

The Birds Are Coming-Part 1

April 8, 2022 By crm

Part 2 Now Available Click to Read

By Judy Ferris, Master Naturalist and Guest Blogger

Though it may be cold and windy outside as you read this, rest assured that a springtime surge of songbirds has already started moving northward. Most of our North American songbirds (warblers, sparrows, orioles, tanagers, and thrushes) head south for the winter.

Pine Warbler – This small but hardy species is one of our first songbirds to arrive in spring to breed and nest. They have already arrived this spring at their territories in southern Maryland. You may hear their warbling trills as they stake out their territories in areas of mature pines. Click on the link below to listen to the Pine Warbler’s melodic warble.

https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/pine_warbler

Why would tiny songbirds, most of whom weigh less than an ounce, undertake such a perilous migration each year? It’s all about insects. The timing of bird migration is tied to the springtime emergence of insect abundance which we experience here in North America.

Some species spend the winter only as far south as the southern U.S. Many species, however, are long-distance migrants; traveling to and from the Caribbean, Central America, and even South America. The average distance traveled by birds migrating from South America is about 1500 miles. Their journey may involve hop-scotching across the Caribbean to Florida or include a perilous 500-mile non-stop crossing of the Gulf of Mexico.

Hooded Warbler – Winters in the Caribbean and southern Central America. Crosses the Gulf of Mexico to reach the U. S.. Breeds in the eastern U.S. At ACLT, these warblers are often tucked out of sight in foliage. If you listen, however, you may hear their ringing song.

https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Hooded_Warbler – Hooded Warbler singing. Not all Warblers warble!

Consider the following:

Pound for pound, insects contain 4 times as much protein as beef.
Insect organs are rich in fat – a far better energy source than carbohydrates.
Insects are the ideal fuel for migrating songbirds.
Insects are the baby food of choice for 96% of our songbirds.

Avian migration evolved about 15,000 years ago at the end of the last Ice Age. Many of our migratory warblers, sparrows, tanagers, and orioles evolved from tropical ancestors and have close cousins who live year round in the Caribbean, Central America, and even South America. The tropics have a high density of birds, so competition for nesting sites and food is intense. From an evolutionary standpoint, it was only a matter of time before independent-minded tropical birds broke with tradition and flew to the Florida or the Gulf Coast and beyond. What did they find? A cornucopia of insects and less competition for food and territory! While most tropical birds raise 2 or 3 chicks at a time, migratory birds who head north find enough insects to rear 5 or 6 chicks! The only drawback is that it gets cold in the north in the winter. So an autumn return trip to the tropics is a necessity. Migration is a risky undertaking and some birds are lost each year. In the end, however, both the tropical stay-at-home birds and the migratory birds successfully rear about the same number of offspring.

Our migratory songbirds evolved along with the plants, insects, and other wildlife that populated a North America unmarred by human activity. When these birds flew north from the tropics and reached our shores, they were greeted by pristine beaches and an endless green carpet of forests, grasslands, and wetlands which stretched from Florida to the boreal forests of northern Canada. For a hungry bird, this was a non-stop insect buffet. Stopovers for feeding, drinking, and resting were literally everywhere.

Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Winters in South America. Breeds throughout the eastern U.S. These birds are relatively common at ACLT, but are slow-moving and tough to spot. Your best bet is to listen for them as you walk the trails. Cuckoos make a variety of strange calls which you may have heard, but not known what it was. Click on the link to hear their variety of unusual sounds. Photo by Dominic Sherony CC 2.0.

https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Yellow-billed_Cuckoo/sounds

Summer Tanager – Winters in Central and South America. Breeds in the southern U.S. As you hike in mature forests, you may hear this bird singing in the tallest treetops. Click on the link to listen.

https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Summer_Tanager/overview

Birds today face a very different journey than that of their ancestors. Those previously pristine beaches are now lined with forests of tall condos. Vast tracts of woodlands have been eliminated. Replaced with shopping malls, subdivisions, and farmland. The wild places that remain are becoming so fragmented that they can no longer support wildlife – including insects.

Thus places like ACLT are increasingly precious. For birds who are just pausing in their journey, ACLT is a welcome rest stop. Like us humans, birds appreciate a good layover spot and will return year after year. Many migratory birds stay to breed and raise young at ACLT. This special place hosts a variety of breeding birds including indicator species such as Louisiana Waterthrush, Worm-eating Warbler, Scarlet Tanager, Kentucky Warbler, Wood Thrush, American Redstart, Prothonotary Warbler, and many others.

Other Resources

Calvert County is blessed with numerous areas to hike and explore. As you are out and about welcoming the arrival of spring, take time to pause, look, and listen. You may hear or see a bird that you never noticed before. If you take your binoculars with you, you may even have the privilege of observing these beautiful feathered creatures up close and personal. Be sure to check out the Calvert County Birding Trail link below to find additional areas to visit. Have fun and happy birding!

Calvert County Birding Trail – https://choosecalvert.com/birding

From ACLT's Website:

In 2006, ACLT member Leslie Starr completed ‘Summer Birds of the Parker’s Creek Watershed’, as the capstone project toward a Certificate in Environmental Studies from the Johns Hopkins University School of Business and Professional Studies. The primary goal of the project was to obtain information on the occurrence and relative abundance of bird species found during summer in the watershed. Field work was conducted in summers 1999 and 2004, with particular emphasis on the various habitats of the watershed. Further study of lists of bird species of concern as documented by various bird conservation organizations, including National Audubon, the US Fish & Wildlife Service, and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, revealed that thirty-three such species have been present in the watershed during summer, of which twenty-nine are known to be or are possibly breeding. Read more and search ACLT’s bird database here.

At Last! Lasagna That's All Natural, Organic, and ... Good for the Environment!

Example: Lasagna Layering

Sustainable Calvert Network Member Organizations

How You Can Help

Attend Hearing or Submit Comments

Other Important Meetings

Part 2 Now Available Click to Read

Other Resources

From ACLT's Website:

Continue reading ... The Birds Are Coming Part 2